的 as an attribute and nominal expression maker?

Can someone please help me interpret these technical linguistic terms from a dictionary?

1 [after an attribute]

鐵的紀律 iron discipline

我的母親 my mother

別開他的玩笑了。 Don’t make fun of him.

2 [forming a noun phrase or nominal expression]

打字的 typist

我愛吃辣的。 I like spicy food.

他說他的, 我幹我的。 Let him say what he likes; I’ll just get on with my work.

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For 1, can someone please explain the attributes with regards to 的?

For 2, can someone please explain the nominal expressions with regards to 的?

I get that 的 can be possessive, but, for example 我愛吃辣的... so the sentence would be I subject like aux to eat verb spicy stative verb, but then 的 changes the phrase to mean food? Am I interpreting this right? Why?

別開他的玩笑了。 is 他 the attribute?

他說他的, 我幹我的。= He says... himself? I work... myself?

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